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Indian Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia

Volume  5, Issue 1, January-February 2018, Pages 48-60
 

Original Article

A Comparative Study of Clonidine & Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant with Bupivacaine in Epidural Anaesthesia

Singh Vishwadeep1, Karki Geeta2

1Assistant Professor 2Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Sri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243001, India.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.5118.8

Abstract

Background: The introduction of adjuvants, have decreased the dose requirement of local anaesthetics, increased their onset of action, prolonged their action and improved the analgesia. Aim: To compare Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant with Bupivacaine in epidural anaesthesia Material and Methods: 90 patients of either sex, between 18 to 65 years of age and belonging to ASA Grade I & II physical status were divided into 3 groups with 30 patients each. Group 1: 20ml 0.5% plain bupivacaine + 0.5ml saline (preservative free), Group 2: 20ml 0.5% plain bupivacaine + 2µg/kg clonidine, Group 3: 20ml 0.5%plain bupivacaine + 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine. Statistical analysis was done using the statistical package(SPSS 15.0 evaluation version). Continuous co-varieties were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The qualitative data comparison were studied using the Chi-squares test. Result: Time of sensory onset to T-10 in group 1 was 10.02±2.6 min, in group 2 was 9.82±3.10 min, and in group 3 was 7.10±2.10 min.The time of motor block onset to bromage 3 in group 1 was 20.36±34 min, in group 2 was 17.80±4.08 and in group 3 was 14.50±5.18 minutes. The time of motor block regression to bromage 0 in group 1 was 152 ± 12.2 minutes, in group 2 was 226.42±26.17 and in group 3 was 248.70±28.40 minutes. The incidence of side-effects was statistically non significant. Conclusion: Clonidine and dexmedetomidine are good alternatives to opioids as adjuvant to bupivacaine in epidural anaesthesia.


Keywords : Epidural; Dexmedetomidine; Clonidine; Bupivacaine; Adjuvant. 
Corresponding Author : Geeta Karki, Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Sri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243001, India.