Aims: To compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy of bupivacaine 0.125%1ml/kg versus bupivacaine 0.125% 1ml/kg and fentanyl 1 µg/kg for caudal anaesthesia in paediatric patients undergoing short surgical procedures. Settings and Design: Sixty children in the age group 1-6 years posted for routine paediatric short surgical procedures below the umbilicus were included. The data was collected in the prepared proforma consisting of age, sex, etc. meeting the objectives of the study. Patients and Methods: The 60 children were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each. Group I received 1ml/kg of 0.125% bupivacaine and Group II received 1ml/kg of 0.125% bupivacaine plus fentanyl 1µg/kg for caudal block. Postoperative analgesic efficacy was compared between two groups. Statistical Analysis: was done using students‘t’ test and chi-square test. Results: The maximum total duration of analgesia noted among both groups I and II was 510 minutes. Mean total duration of analgesia was 341.5±68.23 min in group I, whereas it was 401.5 ± 44.8 min in group II. The mean total duration of analgesia was more in group II, than in group I, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The total duration of postoperative analgesia was significantly longer in children receiving 0.125% bupivacaine 1ml/kg plus fentanyl 1µg/kg (401.5±44.89 minutes) than in children receiving 0.125% bupivacaine 1ml/kg alone. (341.5±68.23 minutes). Group II children received less number of rescue analgesics than children in Group I in 24 hours period (postoperative).