This short communication was aimed to address the role of physical activity by updating the existing evidence from a literature overview of studies on prevention and treatment of chronic pain. Experimental evidence suggested that physical activity might prevent development of chronic pain. Treatment of chronic pain using quota-based exercise/physical activity programs not only produced increases in activity but also subjective expectancies of capability. Cognitive behavioural strategies incorporating exercise/physical activity aims in improving fitness, counteracting unhelpful beliefs and improving stress levels in people with chronic pain. Exercise positively influenced pain behaviours and pain perceptions, activated endogenous analgesic mechanisms and has immediate anti-depressive and anxiolytic effects. A comprehensive supervised exercise program (stretching, strengthening, balance training, aerobic training) with or without motivational interviewing demonstrated beneficial effects on people with chronic pain. Evidence-informed recommendation for physical activity existed for chronic low back pain and fibromyalgia.