Background: Testis is affected by various non neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Non neoplastic lesions include congenital anomalies, inflammatory, infective, vascular lesions, cysts, and atrophy. The incidence of testicular neoplasm is rising in western countries. Incidence in India is relatively rare due to the lack of adequate published data. Objectives: This study was undertaken to analyse the demographic and clinical profile and morphological patterns of testicular lesions. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study done in a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore, Karnataka. The case records of 78 patients who underwent orchidectomy during 2 years period between July 2016 and June 2018 were retrieved and analysed. Demographic profile, clinical presentation, side of the lesion and histopathology of the lseion were studied. Results: We conducted a retrospective study of 78 patients who underwent orchidectomy, out of which 68 (87%) were non neoplastic and 10 (13%) were neoplastic lesions. Non neoplastic testicular pathology was common in 2nd and 4th decade. Among neoplastic lesions, commonest age group was 31-40 years and 71-80 years (30% each). Testicular pain was the commonest mode of presentation in non neoplastic lesions, while testicular swelling was the most common presentation in patients of neoplastic lesions. Among non neoplastic lesions, testicular torsion and infarction is the commonest (22%) followed by undescended testis (17%). Out of 10 cases of neoplastic lesions, 5 (50%) were seminoma. Conclusion: Non neoplastic lesions of testis are far more common than neoplastic ones. Testicular pain is the commonest symptom in non neoplastic lesions whereas patients with neoplastic lesions present with complains of painless enlargement of testis. Non neoplastic lesions occur in young adults whereas neoplastic lesions occur in young adults as well as elderly and commonly unilateral. Testicular torsion and undescended testis are commonly encountered non neoplastic testicular lesions while Seminoma is the commonest neoplastic lesion.

Keywords: Undescended Testis; Testicular Torsion; Seminoma; Orchidectomy; Histopathology.