Latjîrâ (A. aspera Linn.) is considered as an important drug among the Tharu tribe residing in the vicinity of Dudhwa National Park, District Kheri (U.P.). The plant is famous in the tribal community by the name of CHHATTÎSÂ (curing 36 ailments) and is used widely in the local health traditions to treat various ailments by the tribe. It is also known as Vajrâdantî for its ability to cure dental problems and its Dataun (tooth brush) is very popular in the community. Main uses of the plant by the ethnic group, their classical references from the Classics of Ayurveda and pharmacological activities based on scientific screening are comparatively analyzed here.