Varicella Zoster Virus is a type of Human Alpha herpes Virus which usually cause Chicken Pox in Children and most commonly presents as shingles in the adult patient as dermatological Disease which are painful Vesicular Skin Eruptions Localized to a specific dermatome of the body also known as Herpes Zoster. One of the rare and dreaded Complication of Varicella Zoster Infection is involvement of the Central Nervous System causing varicella zoster virus encephalitis (Vze). Vze was often underdiagnosed earlier due to its Nonspecific clinical presentation but in present Era Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detecting Viral Particles in cerebrospinal fluid Provides a rapid and accurate Means of Diagnosis. In this case report, one Patient with Vze Diagnosed by a positive cerebrospinal fluid polymerase Chain Reaction and the Literature is reviewed and we discussed his Clinical History and Physical Exam findings that should raise clinical suspicion for Varicella Zoster Encephalitis, as well as epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and Treatment of this Type of Infection. We Provide a detailed approach to the Diagnosis and treatment of Vze.