Background: Thoracoplasty is the operative removal of the thoracic cage, which usually involves the subperiosteal resection of several ribs. By removing the skeletal support, the overlying chest wall will collapse to the visceral pleura, the remaining lung or mediastinum causing obliteration of pleural spaces. Thoracoplasty was originally described to treat the complications of pulmonary tuberculosis, but later it was widly applied to patients of chronic non tubercular pyothorax and bronchopleural fistulas secondary to various etiology. After the modern chemotherapy for tuberculosis, the indication for thoracoplasty drastically reduced, but its significance for the treatment of chronic non healing bronchopleural fistula has increased. Thoracoplasty is still widely performed where the burden of disease is high despite the advancement in chemotherapy for tuberculosis and incidence of post surgical bronchopleural fistula are commonly seen. Patients and Methods: patients who are treated between Jan 2015 to Dec 2018 with thoracoplasty for persistent residual space and bronchopleural fistula are included in this study. Totally 35 patients underwent thoracoplasty as a single stage procedure as a last resort after the failure of other modalities. Regular follow up of patients was done and data analysed. Result: Successful outcome is in the form of control of sepsis, closure of bronchopleural fistula, obliteration of space. The success achived in all 34 patients with obliteration of space and cure of bronchopleural fistula. An an average five to eight ribs removed in single sitting with preservation of first rib in all cases. One patient died and five patient had wound infection treated conservatively. Conclusion: Thoracoplasty is still an operation of continued relevance in Indian subcontinent and other countries where the complications of pulmonary tuberculosis is still prevalent despite the newer emergent chemotherapeutic drugs and regimens. Emergence of multidrug resistant non tubercular Pyothorax along with tubercular pyothorax causing severe debiliated and malnourished patients with the development of bronchopulmonary fistula make thoracoplasty to be performed more often.