With the advances in the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of the periodontal diseases, the role of different risk factors in the diseases process is also gaining importance. Though microbial dental plaque is the primary etiologic factor for the Chronic periodontal disease, the role of other secondary or modifying risk factors cannot be undermined. There is enough evidence to suggest the possible role of diabetes, smoking and stress in the periodontal destruction. This paper highlights the role of such factors for the dental practitioners to understand the possible role of the systemic factors. Dentists should be encouraged to communicate with physicians about the health of their patients, and physicians should be alerted to the possible risks of severe periodontitis.

Key words: Risk Factors, Periodontal disease, Risk Assessment