Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever, bilharzia, bilharziasis and Katayama fever is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms called genus schistosomes that can cause acute and chronic infection. Schistosomiasis is the second most prevalent tropical disease in the world; Malaria is the first. Theodore Bilharz identified the parasite Schistosoma hematobium in Egypt in 1851. The disease is found mainly in developing countries in Africa, Asia, South America, the Middle East, and the Caribbean and is considered one of many tropical diseases that can be soiltransmitted (or watertransmitted). Many symptoms of schistosomiasis infection frequently include fever, blood in stools or urine, and abdominal discomfort. Chronic schistosomiasis often produces complications in various organ systems (for example, the gastrointestinal system, urinary system, heart, and liver). Currently, there is no vaccine available for schistosomiasis. Preventive treatment, which should be repeated over a number of years, will reduce and prevent morbidity.