Introduction: Bicytopenia is an important clinico-hematological disorder. This study was conducted in Coimbatore Medical College Hospital to identify various causes of bicytopenia. It was done by analysing and correlating hematological indices, peripheral smear and bone marrow morphology of bicytopenia patients. Materials and Methods : It is a prospective study done for a period of one year. In this study, 50 cases of bicytopenia were included. Results : The most common cause of bicytopenia was Combined deficiency (42%) followed by Megaloblastic anemia (24%). The other causes include micronormoblastic erythroid hyperplasia, leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, immune thrombocytopenia, metastasis and plasmacytoma. Maximum number of cases seen in the age group of 21-40 years. Conclusion: In this study, causes of bicytopenia were evaluated as it is equally important as pancytopenia in the management of patients. The higher incidence of combined deficiency can be attributed to low socioeconomic status, poor hygiene, inadequate nutrition and lifestyle modification. So analysis of hematological indices, peripheral smear and bone marrow morphology becomes an important diagnostic tool for an early intervention of the patients with bicytopenia.

Keywords: Bicytopenia; Combined deficiency; Megaloblastic anemia.