Introduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are represented mainly by Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) but they also include non-infectious inflammations of bowel. The diagnosis depends on clinical, radiographic, endoscopic and histologic features. Ulcerative colitis divided into three phases active phase, remission phase and resolving phase. Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the digestive tract. Symptoms include abdominal pain and diarrhoea, sometimes bloody, and weight loss. Objective: To know the histopathological distribution of inflammatory bowel diseases in teaching hospital. To determine the extent and severity (different phases) of ulcerative colitis. Material and Methods:The present study was conducted in the Central laboratory, Department of Pathology, Kempegowda institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore ,during the period July 2010 to June 2013 . One hundred and twenty colonoscopic biopsies from patients attending KIMS Hospital who mainly presented with lower gastrointestinal symptoms were studied. Clinical details, colonoscopic findings were obtained. All the colonoscopic biopsy specimens were immediately fixed in 10% formalin for 24 hours, routinely processed, embedded, serial sections were prepared and stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin and studied under the light microscope. Results: 30 cases (20%) had inflammatory bowel disease. 28 cases of ulcerative colitis and 2 cases of crohn’s diseases were detected. 19 cases of ulcerative colitis were in active phase, 3 in resolving phase, 5 in remission phase and 1 case presented with dysplasia. Conclusion: Mucosal biopsy may be used to monitor the course after therapy and to estimate activity in cases of apparent remission or possible relapse. Colonoscopy with multiple biopsies is now the routine investigation at diagnosis and follow up of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.

Keywords: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD); Ulcerative Colitis (UC); Crohn’s Disease (CD); Colonoscopic Biopsies.