Context: Mast cells are a heterogenous group of immune cells involved in a variety of biological processes. The presence of mast cells intumours has been described as an evidence of a host immunologic anti-tumor response, and their abundance as an indicator of a favourable prognosis. However, it is also stated to be extremely closely associated with angiogenesis and tumour invasion. Because the literature on mast cells in uterocervical lesions is limited, the current study seeks to look for changes in mast cells in some of the common uterocervical lesions and their potential implications in diagnosis and prognosis.

Aims: To study the mast cell density in various neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of uterocervical lesions.

Settings and Design: Prospective study done over a period of one year in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods and Material: Hysterectomy specimens received in the department of pathology a tertiary care hospital, were stained with H&E and toluidine blue for the identification of mast cell.

Statistical Analysis used: For categorical variables, frequencies, proportions, Chi square test for proportion is used and for continuous variables, mean, standard deviation, independent t test will be used.

Results: The most common neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions were leiomyoma and chronic cervicitis respectively and the highest mean mast cell count was more in non-neoplastic lesions.

Conclusions: The study revealed that the mast cell count decreased progressively from non-neoplastic and benign to malignant lesions, implying that the mast cell count appeared to be inversely related to the degree of dysplasia and thus may be an additional diagnostic tool in different uterocervical lesions and may act as a good prognostic indicator of the lesions' benign nature.