Background: Low birth weight is a major public health problem in many developed and developing countries. In India 28% children born are estimated to be low birth weight as compared to only 4% in some developed countries.Aims and Objectives: To find the prevalence of LBW in the rural area and various factors affecting occurrence of LBW. Material and Methods: resent study was conducted in PHC Achrol, District Jaipur (Rajasthan), which is situated on the National highway 11 C. Record of 395 females was analyzed who were delivered in PHC Achrol, from 1st April 2015 to 31st March 2016 Observations and Discussions: In the present study, the prevalence of LBW was found to be 33.92%. Among the LBW babies, 39.55% were male children and 60.44%were the female children , Among the born babies in LBW, 66.41% were Hindu by religion and 33.58% were Muslim by religion. Among the, ANC care utilizing mothers, the prevalence of LBW was found in 15.38% children, while among those who were not utilizing ANC care, LBW children were 54.54%. Among the smokers mothers, the prevalence of LBW children were 63.21%, while among Non-smoker mothers, the prevalence of LBW was only 25.64%. Among the pre term born babies, prevalence of LBW was 88%. On the other hand, among the full term born babies, the prevalence of LBW was 30.27%. In mothers of less than 20 years of age, the prevalence of LBW was 83.33%, in mothers with age of 20-30 years group- the prevalence of LBW babies was 27.61%. In the above 30 years of age group, prevalence of LBW babies was 66.66% in the present study. As regard to parity, prime mothers were having LBW prevalence i.e. 13.15%. In the second para mothers, prevalence of LBW was 21.12% and at the same time, third and above para were having prevalence of LBW, 55.94%. Among the mothers with Hb level below 9 gm %, prevalence of LBW was 57.89%. Among mothers with 9-11 gm%, prevalence of LBW was 26.12% and mothers having Hb level more than 11 gm% were having 27.27% prevalence of LBW. Conclusion: Prevalence of LBW is pretty high in developing Asian countries like India, where illiteracy, ignorance and poverty is rampant. Among the various factors affecting prevalence important once are religion, high parity, poor nutrition of mother, anemia of mother, age of mother at the time of delivery, smoking, term of delivery, utilization of ANC care services etc. 

Keywords: Low Birth Weight; Preterm; Parity; Anemia.