Good productivity is conferred by good physical conditions defined in terms of texture, porosity, bulk densities little above that of water to reduce erosion by moving water, good aggregation, good infiltration rates and good drainage. Soil physical, chemical and  physio-chemical conditions determine root proliferation and their activities for nutrient and water uptake and, soil aeration and bioactivity for sustainable productivity . The factors which influence  uptake of nutrients and water are discussed with special reference  to quantification of rooting depth and water stored in soils against gravity which is used for   overall growth after the cessation of rain/irrigation till next rains /irrigation.

Keywords: Root Distribution; Factors Affecting; Mathematical Model.