Introduction: Nephrectomy is the surgical removal of a kidney. The Indications for nephrectomy include kidney cancer, severe trauma to the kidney and benign disease such as symptomatic hydronephrosis, chronic infection, polycystic kidney disease, shrunken kidney, hypertension or renal calculus. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the indication for nephrectomy in tertiary care at Mysore, India. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study based on medical records of patients who underwent nephrectomy from period of July 2017 to October 2018. It was studied based on indication, clinical presentation. Statistical Analysis: The data obtained was expressed as Mean ± S.D and percentage. The comparison was made using one-way ANOVA with a p-value less than 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Out of the 25 nephrectomies, 21 were performed for nonmalignant condition, 4 were for malignant condition. Among nonmalignant condition most are due to obstructive pathology caused by stone (09), PUJ obstruction in 06, infective in 4, stricture in 2 patients. Conclusion: In spite of recent advance in diagnosis and treatment, preventable cause continues to play major role in in countries like India.

Keywords: Nephrectomy; Malignant; Benign; Stone; Stricture; PUJ Obstruction.