Introduction: When the air passes through the nasal cavity and pharynx, it gets warmed and takes up water
vapour. And it passes down the trachea and through bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts to the
alveoli. Between the trachea and the alveolar sacs, the airway divides 23 times forming 23 generations. The first 16
generations form the conducting zone of the airways made up of bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles.
The remaining 7 generations from the transitional and respiratory zones where gas exchange occur and are made
up of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli.
Methodology: Information will be collected through a pre tested and structured proforma for each patient Qualifying
patients will be undergoing detailed history, clinical examination, routine investigations like FBS, PPBS, HBA1c,
fundus evaluation and spirometric evaluation using a easy one flow spirometer Glycemic control is taken as HBA1C
below 7.5 and HBA1C more than 7.5 is considered as uncontrolled sugars.
Results: Group 1 had 15 patients with uncontrolled sugars i.e HbA1c of more than 7.5 Group 2 had 26 patients with
HbA1c of more than 7.5, out of 70 patients of type 2 DM, 41 (58.6%) patients had HBA1C of more than 7.5.
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus leads to increased hepatic glucose output. First, liver glycogen stores are mobilised
then hepatic gluconeogenesis is used to produce glucose. Insulin deficiency also impairs non-hepatic tissue
utilization of glucose, particularly in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, insulin stimulates glucose uptake.Keywords: Diabetes; HBA1C; Spirometry.