Thyroid diseases affect upto 5% of all pregnancies. The  repercussions  of maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy causes numerous maternal and fetal adverse outcomes just like the Pandora’s box. Adequate treatment of these situations is thought to reduce the risks. Hypothyroidism is commonly treated with levothyroxine, with advancing pregnancy the levothyroxine requirement also increases. Hyperthyroidism is often treated with antithyroid drugs in pregnancy. However they are not completely safe to use during pregnancy but benefits of treatment with these drugs is found to outweigh the minor risks of side-effects. The treatment goal for hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism is to achieve euthyroidism quickly and maintain it throughout pregnancy. Autoimmune thyroiditis and isolated maternal hyper-thyroxemia do not currently warrant treatment during pregnancy, unless hypothyroidism ensues. Treatment of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer can generally be safely postponed until after delivery.

Keywords: Thyroid Dysfunction;  Hyperthyroidism; Autoimmune Thyroiditis; Thyroid Hormone- Binding Globulin (TBG).