Abstract Bipolar disorder, mania is a maladaptive response to loss and his been referred to as the "mirror image of depression". Genetic influences have been strongly implicated in the development of the disorder. Various other physiological factors, such as biochemical and electrolyte alterations, as well as cerebral structural changes, have been implicated. Side effects of certain medications may also induce symptoms of mania. No single therory can explain the etiology of bipolar disorders, and it is likely that the illness is caused by a combination of factors. Symptoms of mania may be observed on a continuum of three phases, each identified by the extent of severity: phase I, hypomania; phase ll, acute mania; and phase lll, delirious mania.