AbstractIndia is an agrarian country where agriculture provides a principle means of livelihood for about 60% of the country’s population. In many developing countries, agriculture forms the major economic output is dependence on cheaper crop protection agents like pesticides for the greater field. This leads to the probability of the persistence of pesticide residue in various ecosystems. In India, the use of synthetic pesticides has started in 1948. Among the various pesticides, Endosulfan belongs to the organochlorine group under the cyclodiene subgroup of organochlorine insecticides. It was introduced in the year 1950 and emerged as a leading chemical used against a broad spectrum of insects and mites in agriculture and allied sectors as a pesticide. It is one of the Stockholm listed persistent organochlorine pesticides, which was widely used in India against various pests of agriculture and plantation crops. Its low solubility limits are biodegradation in the water and soil. It is acutely toxic and has been implicated in many cases of poisoning, fatalities, and chronic effects including cancer and impacts on hormonal systems, etc. Indian history has witnessed many tragic events related to pesticides and other hazardous chemical usages by taking into account health conditions. The hazardous toxic chemical compound of Endosulfan resulted in many health complications on human beings, animals, and the environment. It calls for the interventions as many studies emphasizing the need for special attention from the government agencies and voluntary organizations to improve the overall health status of the Endosulfan pesticide affected victims.