Kerosene oil poisoning is a preventable health problem in children, common in developing countries. Kerosene oil has high volatility, low viscosity and low surface tension, increasing its risk of aspiration. The physical properties of kerosene oil also make it more likely to penetrate and spread deeper into lower airways increasing chances of severe lung injury. Risk factors which increase likelihood of accidental ingestion includ male gender, age below 3 years, summer season, storage in drinking water bottles and in areas of easy access (in and around the kitchen and stairs), and rural/ lower socioeconomic population. Most common presentation after kerosene poisoning is with fever, cough, tachypnea and vomiting. While pneumonia is the commonest complication, central nervous system manifestations such as drowsiness, restlessness, stupor or convulsions may occur. Early diagnosis, avoidance of harmful first aid practices, observation for symptoms/ complications, supportive care and appropriate treatment of pneumonia are necessary to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Recommendations such as education of community and parents, use of childresistant containers, appropriate safe storage areas and adequate parental supervision can reduce the incidence of kerosene poisoning in children.

Keywords: Aspiration; Children; Hydrocarbon; Kerosene; Morbidity; Poisoning; Pneumonia.