Surfactant deficiency Causing respiratory failure is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in low birth weight premature infants. Surfactant therapy gradually reduces mortality and morbidity for this population.
Exogenous surfactant therapy is well established in new born babies with respiratory distress. Many aspects of its use have been well assessed in high-quality trials and systematic reviews. In late-preterm and term neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome, pneumonia/sepsis, and maybe pulmonary haemorrhage, secondary surfactant deficiency also leads to acute respiratory morbidity; surfactant substitution can be helpful for these babies. This paper reviews the evidence and provides guidelines for the use of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) surfactant therapy in newborns.

Keywords: Surfactant therapy Distress Syndrome in newborn