Advertisement!
Author Information Pack
Editorial Board
Submit article
Special Issue
Editor's selection process
Join as Reviewer/Editor
List of Reviewer
Indexing Information
Most popular articles
Purchase Single Articles
Archive
Free Online Access
Current Issue
Recommend this journal to your library
Advertiser
Accepted Articles
Search Articles
Email Alerts
FAQ
Contact Us
Indian Journal of Anatomy

Volume  7, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2018, Pages 518-521
 

Original Article

Horse Shoe Kidney

P. Venkateswara Rao1, A. Hemalatha Devi2

1 Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy 2 Professor & Head, Department of Physiology, Katuri Medical College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 500019, India.

Choose an option to locate / access this Article:
90 days Access
Check if you have access through your login credentials.        PDF      |
|

Open Access: View PDF

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ija.2320.0022.7518.10

Abstract

Horse shoe Kidney was first recognized during an autopsy De Carpi in 1521. This anomaly consisits of two distinct renal masses lying vertically on either side of midline and connected at their respective lower poles by a parenchymatous or fibrous isthmus that crosses the mid plane of the body. This isthmus lies at the level of 4th lumbar vertebra just beneath the origin of inferior mesenteric artery in about 40% of cases. Fusion of upper poles instead of the lower poles results in an inverted horse Shoe Kidney which constitute 5-10% of all Horse-Shoe kidneys, (i.e. in 95% of HSK, fusion is at lower poles). HSK is found more commonly in males by a 2:1 margin. 

Summary & Conclusion: The abnormality originates between 4th and 6th weeks of gestation, after the ureteral bud has entered the renal blastema. Boyden (1931) postulated that at the 14 mm stage (4.5 weeks) the developing metanephric masses lie close to one another, any disturbance in their relation ship may result in joining at their inferior poles. Usually the fusion of the both kidneys occurs before they have rotated on their long axis ,thus pelvis and ureters of HSK are being usually placed anteriorly. Rarerly, fusion occurs after some rotation had already taken place in which case the pelves are anterimedialy placed.

 


Keywords : Horse Shoe Kidney; Unilateral Fused Kidney; Nephrolithisis; Autopsies.
Corresponding Author : P. Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Katuri Medical College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 500019, India.