Introduction: Unlike in other systems, CNS has predominantly neoplastic lesions in comparison with the non-neoplastic ones. However, non-neoplastic CNS lesions are a mimicto neoplastic lesions posing histopathological diagnostic challenge. In the present study we made an attempt to exclusively study the SOLs of CNS which were non-neoplastic. Aim of the study: To document the histopathological spectrum of non-neoplastic SOLs of the CNS. Materials and Methods: Atwo-year prospective study in the department of Pathology, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Ghanpur, Telangana analysed biopsies of the central nervous system. The non-neoplastic lesions were analyzed for incidence and histopathological spectrum. Results: A total of 255 CNS SOLs were received out of which 24 were non-neoplastic incidence being 9.4%. The patients age ranged from 8 to 70 years. There were 15 male and 9 female patients, the male to female ratio being 1.6:1. 45.8% cases were cystic lesions, 25% cases showed gliosis and 29.1% cases were of infectious etiology. Conclusion: Almost 10% of SOLs in the CNS are of non-neoplastic etiology ranging from cystic lesions to gliosis to treatable infectious causes. Histopathological examination of SOLs of CNS is mandatory to distinguish neoplastic versus nonneoplastic lesions. Often the infectious agent can be identified which helps to institute appropriate therapy.

Keywords: CNS; Cysts; Gliosis; Infections.