Background: Cervix is one of the most common target organs for both non neoplastic and neoplastic diseases of the female genital tract. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide having poor prognosis. Carcinoma cervix is the commonest malignancy in Indian women. (Human papilloma virus) HPV infection plays major role in cervical lesions; in which high risk types particularly HPV 16 causes dysplasia and Carcinoma of cervix. 

Materials and Methods: This prospective study was undertaken in the Department of Pathology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre for a period of 1.5 year from January 2015 to May 2016.

Results: 100 cases were included in the study. Out of 100 cases majority were inflammatory i.e. 54% followed by 21% of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN), 17% invasive carcinoma, 6% benign and 2% of non-neoplastic cervical glandular lesions. Immunohistochemistry was done in (Chronic non-specific cervicitis) CNSC associated with squamous metaplasia and koilocytosis, all non-neoplastic cervical glandular lesions, precancerous lesions and invasive carcinomas.

Conclusion: However, there are many lesions that are mistakenly over diagnosed to be  neoplastic. Therefore, it is recommended to further studies to evaluate these non-neoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix on a community basis. Overexpression of the protein p16INK4A encoded by tumor suppressor gene INK4A is a characteristic of dysplastic & neoplastic alterations of cervical epithelium. The proportion of p16INK4A positive samples increases in the following row: CIN I- CIN II- CIN III- Invasive carcinomas. However p16INK4A negative cervical neoplasms & carcinomas do exists.

Keywords: Neoplastic Lesions; Cervix; Carcinomas.