AbstractIntroduction: Bone marrow study is a common procedure. It is highly informative procedure, though invasive, it is safe when performed with proper precautions. It is used routinely in medical institutions for the diagnosis and management of hematological disorders which often pose diagnostic challenge to physician and the knowledge of accurate etiologies is crucial in their management. Aim of the study: To study the morphology and spectrum of bone marrow in hematological diseases, in cases of Pancytopenias to determine the etiology and also to study the bone marrow morphology in isolated splenomegaly cases presenting as haematological disorder. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study done over a period of two years. Peripheral blood smear examination and bone marrow aspirations were performed in 176 cases. The patient demographics, bone marrow findings and clinical findings were correlated. Results: There were total 176 patients. Majority of the cases were reported in the age group range of 21-30 years and the male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Disorders of RBC were most common with predominance of megaloblastic anaemia. Disorders of WBC were less with cases of Acute leukaemia. There were 2 cases of Idiopathic
thrombocytopenic purpura and 10 cases of Plasma cell dyscrasia. Normal marrow study was seen in 17 cases. Conclusion: Bone marrow aspiration is a safe, easy, cost-effective procedure. Bone marrow aspiration shows better cellular details when compared to bone marrow biopsy. The latter is required for confirmation and prognostication
of certain hematological diseases. The results and accuracy are highly dependent on the quality of samples and smears. Diagnosis is strengthened by correlating the marrow findings with peripheral smear, other relevant biochemical investigations and clinical features.
Keywords: Bone marrow study; Acute leukemias; ITP; Megaloblastic anemia.