Ancient seers of Ayurveda have classified the elements of the body under three fundamental components: Dosha, Dhatu and Mala. Among these basic elements Dhatus are especially meant for Dharana & Poshana of Sharira. When all the above factors act in harmony, it is defined as Swastha (health). Peshi is the important part of body which covers the framework of body, which supports and helps the body for any type of movements. Knowledge of Peshi can be traced back from Vedas passing chronologically down to Samhitas. But the scholars preoccupied themselves with only supporting parts of human skeleton. There is enough evidence of knowledge of Peshi Sharir (Myology) in the ancient India but in Sutra Rupa or in dispersed form. Starting from Pre-Vedic period, Vedic period and Samhita-kala period all have some what description of Peshi Sharir but not in mannered way. Due to different principles, faiths and way of learning, there may be some differences or lacunas from present-day knowledge. Collection and critical analysis of various concepts related to Peshi Sharir as per modern headings like definitions, constituents, embryology, types, uses and clinical aspects. Thus an effort is undertaken to understand Peshi Sharir and its concepts in scientific way. Though there may be some differences or lacuna’s from nowadays knowledge but, we can have proud on our glorified past of knowledge in every medicinal field especially regarding knowledge of Peshi Sharir. The ayurvedic literature regarding Peshi Sharir and modern anatomical literature were studied to find out correlating structures. Comparative study between facts of Ayurveda and modern anatomy were done by visualization with the help of dissection study. For anatomical study of Peshi this dissection based study is most important because main references of Peshi is from Suśruta samhita which is an surgically oriented literature and facts said in it are supposed to be confirmed by or even discovered by the process of dissection. In the same chapter where Peshi is described, Acharya Sushruta also stated importance of dissection based study and visualization by following verse

Keywords: Peshi; Muscles; Mycology; Mamsa; Mamsadhatu; Mamsadhara kala.