1Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Allied Health & Paramedical Sciences, Indore 453555, Madhya Pradesh, 2Associate Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Jaipur Physiotherapy College, Maharaj Vinayak Global University, Jaipur 302028, Rajasthan, 3PhD Scholar, Department of Physiotherapy, 4Senior Physiotherapist, Department of Physiotherapy, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Indore 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction is a shocking however insufferable condition of the human body. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction is a challenging and often unbearable condition characterized by pain in the joint and surrounding muscles, often resulting in stiffness, complications, earache, malocclusion, clicking sounds, and trismus. TMJ dysfunction is frequently linked to imbalances in the body, particularly in the neck and shoulders. Misdiagnosis or inadequate management can lead to chronic pain syndromes, which can be distressing for patients. This condition may present as acute or chronic; while acute TMJ dysfunction is commonly managed with manual reduction, chronic cases are more complex. Case Description: We report the case of an 18-year-old male athlete referred by his dentist for conservative management of TMJ dysfunction. He presented with left jaw pain for the past four months, limited mouth opening, jaw clicking, and difficulty chewing hard foods, accompanied by tenderness in the neck, mouth, and cheek muscles. We assessed, diagnosed, and proposed treatment options for this patient. Management & Outcomes: The patient’s TMJ dysfunction was managed conservatively through physical therapy as the first line of treatment. By the end of the intervention, he reported being pain-free and had regained normal TMJ function. This case highlights the role of physiotherapy in managing TMJ disorders. Although various treatments exist, evidence for their efficacy in TMD remains limited, and no standard protocol is established. Common treatment options include occlusal splints, cognitive behavioral therapy, and pain medications. Result: Non-invasive physiotherapy treatments have proven effective in alleviating symptoms of TMJ dysfunction. The initial focus is on pain relief and muscle spasm reduction, employing techniques such as pulsed ultrasound and manual therapy, including dry needling to address trigger points. Discussion: TMJ dysfunction may be associated with overall body imbalances, as increased muscle tension in the upper body can lead to compensatory adjustments affecting spinal muscle tension. A conservative management strategy centered on physical therapy is recommended. Physical therapists are well-positioned to provide clinical support for TMD patients, creating rehabilitation plans tailored to each individual’s impairments. Conclusion: This case report suggests that a conservative management approach, incorporating pain management strategies, muscle strengthening, and the release of trigger points and tight muscles, may significantly benefit individuals suffering from TMJ dysfunction.
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