Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a hemoglobin disorder that requires lifelong management and  contributes to infant, childhood as well as adult morbidity and mortality. SCD is a widespread  disease characterized by a variation in the beta-globin gene that results into the production of  aberrant hemoglobin called hemoglobin S. The inheritance of the mutation could be homozygous
or heterozygous combined with another hemoglobin mutation. SCD can be identified by the  presence of dense, sickled cells that grounds for haemolysis of blood cells, chronic anemia, acute   painful occurrence, body part alteration, and in many cases death. Early detection/diagnosis   of SCD can help to reduce the mortality and management of the disease effectively. Millions of
people worldwide are impacted by this prevalent inherited blood disorders, which include sickle   cell disease and its variations. Sickle Cell disease results in a markedly reduced life expectancy,  particularly in India's tribal people. The review study here explain an overview of the inheritance,   severity, pathogenesis, present-day and emergent techniques for SCD detection and highlights the
different national & International programs for the elimination of disease from the population.