Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a chronic heterogeneous disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia that develops as a result of interplay between the genetics and environmental factors. A high prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in relatives, especially offsprings, confirms that some individuals have an inherited susceptibility to development of disease. Diabetes is an important risk factor for development of cardiovascular & cerebrovascular diseases and an increased risk of mortality is strongly associated with the presence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.Alteration of circadian rhythm of autonomic activity in offspring of type 2 diabetic parents has been reported, more so if they are insulin resistant. Heart Rate Variability(HRV),the computer assisted quantification of beat to beat fluctuation in heart rate, is a powerful tool for diagnostic & prognostic purposes in pathologies such as diabetes mellitus. Exercise, isotonic or isometric, has been reported to have a beneficial effect on the HRV response.