Introduction: The most commonly encountered clinical problem are the lesions of the thyroid. Most of these can be treated medically or surgically. Fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathological examination together are very helpful in establishing the diagnosis. The role of a pathologist is thus very crucial in establishing the nature of thyroid lesions. Materials and methods: We have taken up a prospective study for a period of two years at Narayana Medical College and General Hospital. We have analysed a total of 250 cases during this period. Cytological and histopathological slides were reviewed and the results were analysed. Results: In our study there was a female predominance with non-neoplastic lesions predominating the neoplastic lesions. Nodular goiter was most common among benign lesions and papillary carcinoma was common in the malignant category. Histopathology plays an important role in the diagnosis of lesions which are missed on cytology or inconclusive on cytology. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathology go hand in hand in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions giving almost 100% results.

Keywords: Cytology; Histopathology; Thyroid; Lesions.